Writing a Sample Essay From A&P

<h1>Writing a Sample Essay From A&amp;P</h1><p>You've likely observed this example article from A&amp;P (beginning on page 20). Regardless of whether you've never known about A&amp;P, or you've known about them however don't recollect what they do, or you've known about them and you're interested about the example, this is what you have to know.</p><p></p><p>As you may have speculated, the reason for this A&amp;P test is to test the composing abilities of their understudies. Understudies ordinarily don't have a lot of experience composing unique expositions, and a decent boost is consistently a smart thought for them. What's more, when you have heaps of additional work lounging around in your extra time, why not compose a unique article about something you're intrigued in?</p><p></p><p>As you can see, the motivation behind this example is to test the composing aptitudes of their understudies. Understudi es commonly don't have a lot of experience composing unique expositions, and a decent boost is consistently a smart thought for them. Furthermore, when you have bunches of additional work lounging around in your extra time, why not compose a unique article about something you're intrigued in?</p><p></p><p>A&amp;P is an exceptionally old-school distributing organization that does the greater part of its business through books and course readings. Accordingly, they will in general distribute a ton of composing tests - there are many locales committed to this sort of composing tests. A few instances of A&amp;P composing tests incorporate The Pencil, which are a 'grown-up' composed word puzzle book, and the Doubleday-Heinemann Junior Literary Supplement, which are an assortment of short stories.</p><p></p><p>The essayist of the A&amp;P article is without a doubt new to the more 'grown-up' composing tests offered by A&amp;P. I'm certain that a huge level of the populace would think that its hard to overcome an A&amp;P book without experiencing in any event one duplicate of the soft cover A&amp;P publication.A&amp;P is an extremely old-school distributing organization that does the vast majority of its business through books and course books. Thusly, they will in general distribute a ton of composing tests - there are many locales devoted to this sort of composing samples.</p><p></p><p>In case you've at any point perused or known about a book titled 'The American Dream,' you've most likely known about A&amp;P. There are numerous A&amp;P sites committed to the topics of The American Dream, and the emphasis is for the most part on the ideas of riches and entrepreneurialism. In the event that you've at any point perused or known about a book titled 'The American Dream,' you've presumably known about A&amp;P.</p>

I Believe Essay UFO Samples Can Help You With Your Research

<h1>I Believe Essay UFO Samples Can Help You With Your Research</h1><p>When you are searching for these I accept paper UFO tests to assist you with your exploration, there are a few better places you can discover them. A portion of the sites where you will discover them might be better than others so remember that when you are attempting to discover what you need.</p><p></p><p>The in front of the rest of the competition to look is on a site that offers free assets. These sites will ordinarily have a wide range of free assets that you can use for your exploration. The principle reason these sites exist is on the grounds that they need to show individuals that it is so natural to do research, and assist individuals with making up their own minds.</p><p></p><p>Another place you can get these sorts of assets is by checking your neighborhood library. There are a great deal of books out there that have a fabulous time realit ies about outsider life. You can utilize these as reference materials while you are looking on the web for the data you need.</p><p></p><p>Essay composing for a SAT or ACT test is something that all understudies take. This is likewise something that you should take to get you out when you are composing your paper. It is anything but difficult to track down various I accept article UFO tests to get you out with your exposition writing.</p><p></p><p>The third spot to check for paper tests is on the web. There are a variety of destinations that you can go to so as to get article tests and get thoughts for your exposition composed. You will need to locate a couple of better places so you can get some various thoughts for your exposition and have a reference manage as well.</p><p></p><p>If you need to compose a paper on the web, at that point you will need to get a web based composing course so you can take a few to get back some composure of test articles for your utilization. The two fundamental purposes behind this are on the grounds that you will have the option to compose online for your test and it will assist you with learning the aptitudes expected to compose great articles. There are additionally various paper tests out there that you can use to help you through your article composing process.</p><p></p><p>With web based composing courses, you will discover a wide range of exposition tests and they will assist you with discovering all the assets you need so as to compose your article on the web. There are a wide range of assets for the various subjects, and you will have the option to take a few to get back some composure of these assets through a wide range of ways. Discovering all the exposition composing courses you need is something that you should discover on the web with the goal that you can make your article composing process easier.</p><p>&l t;/p><p>You ought to have the option to discover paper tests from a wide range of various online assets. At the point when you discover the assets that you need, you will have the option to begin dealing with your article composing right away. You should simply discover the assets that you need and afterward begin utilizing them to assist you with your exposition writing.</p>

Writing Argumentative and Persuasive Essays

Writing Argumentative and Persuasive EssaysArgumentative essays and persuasive essays are not interchangeable terms. There is a huge difference between the two, and not all high school students are familiar with them. This article will clarify this matter and help you understand what they are and how to use them effectively.Before getting into argumentative essays, we need to understand what a persuasive essay is. It is simply an essay that uses persuasive reasoning in order to influence and persuade your reader to agree with your ideas. The last thing you want to do is show yourself as a person who is too emotional, which will only make you look like an amateur. Let's look at some examples: would you buy that rock that your neighbor has been showing off for years? Of course not, because he or she doesn't believe that rocks are very heavy.However, if you can point out that the rock is much heavier than the average person's ideas, then that would convince them to be right. They wouldn 't argue with you, because they would see that you were correct, but they might think that they had been wrong in believing that rocks were not very heavy.Now we come to argumentative essays. These are not persuasive essays because they don't use persuasive reasoning to get their points across. All they do is present one side of a debate and try to prove that the other side is wrong.You can easily combine the two, using an argumentative essay to complement a persuasive essay. Argumentative essays can be written in a non-academic style, while persuasive essays should be formal and argumentative. You want to write an argumentative essay to persuade your reader, while writing a persuasive essay to persuade the person who is giving you the essay topic.Some people believe that you should never write your essay topics that way. I disagree. Some people have difficulty persuading others, and this is where you use argumentative essays to bring their attention. On the other hand, some people don't have any trouble persuading others, and that is why they would benefit from having a persuasive essay.After you have established which type of essay you should write, you can choose some topics for your persuasive essay. Choose topics that you know something about, since you will have less room for error if you write about something you know a lot about. Before you write your essay, sit down and write down all the areas of life and how much knowledge you have about them.For example, you may be an expert on fairies, but you won't be able to convince anyone of their existence if you are arguing against them using objective facts. Instead, you should be able to point out some evidence and create a good argument. After you have done this, then you can turn your attention to making your argument convincing. Once you have done this, you will be well on your way to writing a persuasive essay!

Writing a Research Paper

Writing a Research PaperUsing the term 'What do you call the topics in a research paper?' when students receive their papers is not all that difficult. They will ask what to call the topics in a research paper and they will be ready to use it.Students can name the topics in a research paper and use this phrase in their titles. They can also title the paper with an alternate phrase, such as 'Research Paper Two: What do you call the topics in the second part of the paper?' The alternate phrases are often easier for students to remember. Teachers should be aware of these alternate phrasings and select them.Research papers usually start with some explanations of various categories of facts and information. The topics of the research are broken up into sections and there are sections for each category of facts and information. The categories usually include and may include subcategories. Students can explain what is in the sections of a research paper. They also can mention each of the su bcategories.If a student wants to write a Research Paper, they should have a clear idea about what the topic is. The Topic of the paper should come first in the writing process and all other topics can be added after the Topic of the paper. The Topic of the paper is the starting point and will serve as the basis for all other topics. A topic could be a special interest or knowledge a student has about a certain field. A topic could also be a short paper on the way a certain problem has been solved, the scientific method, the science and technology progress, etc.There are several different ways to approach the topic. A student could start the research paper by asking whatdo you call the topics in a research paper? It is important that they use the right form of address because students are very conscious of the person who is reading their paper. They would not want their reader to see the student's name.They could then begin the research by describing the group of facts they are inve stigating and give a short synopsis of the specific fact they are investigating. They should also take some notes about their findings. They could also give some brief explanations to the reader about the main fact and then summarize what they found for the reader.This is the format that a research paper should follow. The Topic of the paper is followed by some questions and the analysis of the facts and information. A summary is then presented to the reader and a conclusion is presented at the end of the paper.These are some formats for a research paper. They are not the only format. Students can also choose the format that they like best. The structure should make it easy for the students to write a research paper.

Helping Students Write College Essays With the Help of a Pro

<h1>Helping Students Write College Essays With the Help of a Pro</h1><p>Taking school articles truly is an extreme activity, and finding support from the University of Michigan UOP College Essay Assistance Program can go far in helping you. This program was made to help the individuals who are composing school expositions, as it assists with a considerable lot of the basic article composing blunders that the vast majority are blameworthy of.</p><p></p><p>Those who are altering their papers frequently wrongly use a lot of detail that isn't vital. By utilizing a lot of subtleties that are superfluous, or not the correct words for the exposition can prompt a poor composed article. That is the reason this program will help you by giving exhortation on which words to utilize, when to utilize them, and even what not to use.</p><p></p><p>The program is anything but difficult to use, since it is accessible on the web and throu gh email. For the individuals who need more help there is the email that is given. You should simply print the free school exposition test and spare it for future reference.</p><p></p><p>When utilizing the University of Michigan UOP College Essay Assistance Program, you can generally discover the assistance you need. With only a couple of snaps of the mouse you can be given insights and proposals so you comprehend what is required for your exposition. This is particularly significant when you are applying for school grants and grants.</p><p></p><p>What makes this program shockingly better is that you can exploit their free online exposition help without paying anything. Since this is an electronic exposition help administration you don't need to stress over the cost that can now and again originate from the customary services.</p><p></p><p>You can even profit by the University of Michigan UOP College Essay Assis tance Program by permitting the specialists to assist you with investigating your paper and right it before you submit it for evaluating. This is something that numerous understudies ought to consider, since their evaluations can incredibly influence their odds of getting grants and grants.</p><p></p><p>The University of Michigan UOP College Essay Assistance Program is a program that is both useful and extraordinary for understudies. It permits you to ensure that you compose well by utilizing notable composing tips that numerous scholars and undergrads definitely know.</p>

All About Research Paper Written

<h1> All About Research Paper Written </h1> <p>Writing quality papers is the chief reason for our administrations. Regardless of whether you should produce a paper of uncommon perfection, simply buy an exposition here and our authors will give assistance. As our gathering of journalists is really large, we generally have free authors anxious to bring a sensible and generously compensated buy. Understudies like to secure grouping exposition composing tests and models on the web to have the option to know on the most ideal approach to form an article paper.</p> <p>A look into paper that worries logical issues isn't only a free-form exposition where you're ready to tell perusers whatever you want. Each logical order and on occasion even every individual manager has their own methods for setting out references so it's in every case best to demand the correct research paper position. APA is a popular reference style utilized in numerous sorts of scholarly composition. Most of the understudies as a rule choose to buy exclusively composed article papers online on the grounds that they don't know without a doubt how a prosperous modified exposition on grouping can be composed. </p> <p>Taking into thought the irreversible spot of the technique segment of the exploration paper, procedure examine paper model must exhibit the manner in which the specialist is probably going to show the speculation or possibly to choose the issue of the examination. Acquire however much comprehension of it as could reasonably be expected. The explora tion consolidates the results of a few meetings that were held looking like discussion to have the option to set up a high level of certainty between the specialist and the respondent. Additionally, some of the exploration is as of now directed, you will simply should add and blend more research to accomplish your decision and demonstrate your proposal. </p> <p>Research Paper isn't an errand for a solitary day. Research Paper arrangement implies taking care of a lot of data. For instance, you should recognize the 10 page investigate paper model MLA subheadings, proper style. Papers in MLA design specifies a strategy for documentation.</p> <h2> A Startling Fact about Research Paper Written Uncovered</h2> <p>The procedure of picking awesome research paper subjects is a major duty. You ought to likewise consider getting master help in the event that you do not have the right stuff to explore and define an instructive and sensible subject completely a ll alone. By examining an electronic research paper model, you can figure out how to draft your own theme. In case you're keen on your examination paper point and have some exposition proposals to actualize you may even get a real delight while taking a shot at it. </p> <h2>Things You Should Know About Research Paper Written </h2> <p>Correct all blunders you could spot and improve the general evaluation of the paper as well as could be expected. You may restrain the compass of your paper by various components, for instance, time, staff, sex, age, geographic spot, nationality, etc. Our ability to gracefully cheap customized distributed examination archives is another edge that must not be excused. The ensuing 3 cases happen at whatever point your underlying crosstabular relationship was significant.</p> <p>You will get one of a kind writings, which will be done in time. Your contentions should be in like manner upheld with a couple of models. At wh atever point you have altered and re-altered your paper, arranged your work dependent on the topic, and concluded the entirety of the key focuses, you are set up to make the last draft. In the event that it surpasses, state, 3 pages, you may wish to split this up by including another area that covers the critical subtleties for at least one of the previously mentioned angles. </p> <p>Writing an exploration paper may look as a strategic in the event that you've never gotten the opportunity to take a shot at this sort of task. Right off the bat, it's a major task, which is alarming and scaring for some people. One of the most troublesome undertakings for understudies is designing reasonable and useful subjects. A few understudies essentially don't have adequate information for an unequivocal activity. </p> <p>If you had the option to just locate a genuine research paper model that is pertinent and focused to your current class, you may locate a superior handle about how to form your own paper. To begin, you need to pinpoint which sort of dynamic you ought to incorporate with your paper. A paper may have a few reference sections. Each logical paper needs to have a plain as day title. </p> <p>The fundamental point of model research papers is to help understudies figure out how to build up their own task and to completely get a handle on how a paper is organized. Right off the bat, you must choose a diary that you're wanting to record your paper to. On the off chance that you think composing of an examination paper is just about social event significant materials and duplicate gluing then in another archive, you're mixed up. Thus, as a matter of first importance, a school examine paper must be useful. </p> <p>Based on your paper rubric, class rules, or designing rules, you may need to compose your paper with a specific goal in mind. The entire procedure of composing an exploration paper can take huge time as there are numerous components to take a gander at. At the point when you get a conventional instance of presentation in inquire about paper, for instance, you probably won't need to pay a lot. IEEE composing style bears comparability with most of attributes of the general research paper design. </p> <p>There are bunches of research paper tests promptly accessible on the web. Thus, the one thing you have to do is essentially to arrange data you've found and messages you have composed for your examination. On the off chance that you wish to procure high excellent research and proposition papers reliably and at a moderate cost, you ought to most likely evaluate utilizing EssaySupply.com. The ideal spot to start your exploration is on the web since it will offer you d irect data. </p>

Unusual Techniques For Writing Controversial Topics in Us For Research Paper

<h1>Unusual Techniques For Writing Controversial Topics in Us For Research Paper</h1><p>People have various thoughts regarding how they can compose a questionable subject in Us for explore paper yet don't believe them to be essential. Many imagine that since they have enough involvement with composing and research, at that point they are protected. A great many people will fall into this gathering since they are not doing anything especially abnormal to chip away at their exploration papers, yet they fear seeming insane or 'over the top' for composing questionable themes in Us for look into paper.</p><p></p><p>If you are truly keen on composing a dubious point in Us for examine paper, at that point you will understand that it is difficult, yet shouldn't be exhausting. There are a few procedures you can utilize to flavor up your work. A portion of these are not very confused and some are.</p><p></p><p>The first strategy is to utilize humor. Regardless of whether you are composing a frightening subject, make certain to incorporate clever pictures or even irregular jokes to make your perusing all the more intriguing. This will permit your peruser to focus and be engaged too. Be mindful so as to guarantee that you are not all that much in the clever for it to be hostile to any individual.</p><p></p><p>The second strategy is to include any sort of discussion into your composition. You could expound on a subject that is extremely disputable or you could simply incorporate a bit of something about the theme that is fascinating. There are a lot of subjects that have some contention included, yet you could likewise incorporate something that is somewhat questionable. The way that you included it at all is significant as this is the thing that the peruser will center on.</p><p></p><p>Another method to consider is to have two lines of a given subject, one line has an intriguing, or questionable point, while the other line has nothing by any stretch of the imagination. The thought is to compose the two lines and have your peruser to concentrate on one as opposed to the next. In spite of the fact that this may appear to be precarious, it is usuallya increasingly exact approach to deal with your questionable points in Us for investigate paper.</p><p></p><p>The third procedure is to utilize phrases that allude to an individual in the story. For instance, on the off chance that you are expounding on a person who was not excellent at sports, you could utilize an expression like 'Competitors And Gangsters' to allude to the individuals in the story, or you could expound on 'Cub scouts, Gangsters, Gay, Ducks, Hip Hop, Immigrants, Punks and Soccer Players'.</p><p></p><p>Although there are numerous methods you can utilize to zest up your questionable points in Us for inquire about paper, you ought to consistently ensure that your work is pleasant for your peruser. This is the main way you will truly stand apart from the crowd.</p>

Essay Sample - Finding A Great Site For Essay Samples Free

<h1>Essay Sample - Finding A Great Site For Essay Samples Free</h1><p>When you are searching for school exposition tests free you have to get your work done first. The web is loaded with free composition and can assist you with getting a decent beginning on a bit of paper.</p><p></p><p>It can be hard to locate the correct article, however with the free school papers there is normally a lot of time to attempt. The principal thing to search for is a site that will give you various examples. Most locales will give a bunch of test assignments, however you have to look at each webpage you go over, on the grounds that a few sites offer just free examples and many are brimming with paid samples.</p><p></p><p>The best destinations to go to for school article tests through and through freedom constantly offer you various examples. You will be allowed to peruse the example assignments and get a thought of what is normal. Not all locales will give you each and every example you need, so you should peruse the example composing and get a thought of what you have to remember for the assignment.</p><p></p><p>You ought to consistently be mindful so as to peruse the example and ensure that the material is illustrative of what you need to compose. You should consider these things when you are attempting to locate the correct examples for your composing needs. You have to ensure that the article test you get is good with the point you need to expound on, it ought to be written such that shows you have built up a mastery in the subject.</p><p></p><p>Many scholars decide to get composing tests from notable teachers or school educators that they can trust. You will frequently find that these individuals have experience instructing at their college and know the intricate details of the subject you are studying.</p><p></p><p>The best schools to get school article tests free from are most likely in your neighborhood. You ought to have the option to discover a large number of these on your nearby paper, and most significant web crawlers ought to have them recorded also. You might need to ensure you do some catchphrase searches to locate the best sites, and ensure you do exclude normal watchwords in your exposition tests free, since you would prefer not to seem like you are attempting to sell yourself or your work.</p><p></p><p>College article tests free are difficult to track down. There are a great deal of scholars out there searching for the ideal author to compose their next bit of composing, and some will pay you to get the examples. Yet, you have to ensure that you are happy to invest the energy and exertion to locate the best destinations and compose the best expositions for you.</p>

Research Paper Topics on Quora

Research Paper Topics on QuoraQuora has proved to be a great tool for the writer. It is one of the biggest questions and answers sites on the internet. The question and answer feature of Quora have helped writers answer many of their burning questions and help them write better.Writers can now post their own answers and get immediate feedback. Even if it's only one or two people that are looking over the answer, it could still help boost your writing skills. It can help you improve your vocabulary, speed up your writing process, and give you insight into how other writers tackle their work.Writing on research paper topics can be done quite easily with the research question on Quora. The main reason why it is better than other topics on other sites is because it is easy to get good quick responses. A few minutes can really help you know if your answer is good enough to write about. Most site users will either answer right away or will even leave a review of your answer to help in the development of your writing skills.Research paper topics are good for writers that like to write but don't have much time to write. Writing on research paper topics is also good for writers who have been doing research for several years but still can't find a good topic to write about. This is because there is no pressure when writing on research paper topics as you just need to provide some information and not tell everything you know.If you are trying to figure out how to get more traffic to your website then you might want to join online forums where you can get free advice. While joining online forums is useful, you don't have to worry if you don't know anything about forum etiquette. You can usually go through forums and find topics that have already been posted and research paper topics.The research paper topics on Quora are also useful for writers that have never made a post before. They can simply sign up to a particular topic and start posting. You should know that research paper topics on Quora are a mix of topics that are mostly given by other writers. So, you have to be careful while choosing topics on Quora.As a regular author on Quora, I always post my topic on topics that are interesting to me. You should also try to post topics that you think are interesting and relevant to your area of expertise. It is also best to put your signature on the top of your topic so that others can see it and see what you are all about.Research paper topics on Quora are great for anyone who is just starting out on their writing career. The right topics and keywords can make a big difference in your success as a writer. Start by doing some research on the topic and put some thoughts in your topic box.

Why You Should Prepare for the IB Tock Essay Topics

Why You Should Prepare for the IB Tock Essay TopicsIBI's (International Business Interval) are written based on any topic and can be used for any school subject. This is a very short term essay that serves as a preliminary to an exam. After the essay, candidates will get their results.IBI (international Business interval) exams are mandatory for all candidates for the next academic year. Candidates who fail this can be eligible for another one in the same subject for next year's exams. Even if the candidate does not pass this exam, he can be eligible for the EIB (Express IBI), which is only required in the junior high or the sixth form.The IBI is divided into four sections: science, technology, culture and economy. Each section is based on a given theme and involves a multiple choice question. Many students cannot understand the writing format of the exam and ask the examiner for help. But the main thing to remember is that the exam is free.So, if you are studying abroad and would li ke to know more about the topics of the IB exam, you can look for resources in your own country. International writing magazine, Freehand, offers the full set of IBI topics to their subscribers. The only difference is that the magazine has a shorter length, compared to other ones.For those who are having a hard time preparing for the IB exam, the websites of the organization and their publications can be a good help. The International Baccalaureate website provides sample essays to help students with their preparation. The reason why so many students are being affected by the recession is because of the financial recession, and this gives them a chance to study better and be ahead of their peers who don't have a chance to study abroad.Though, a lot of people might want to opt for an alternate subject in the class, there are still some who prefer to sit for the IB. The IB tok is an easy way to prepare for the IB exam. A lot of students love to take the IB tok and it gives them a chan ce to prepare for exams by themselves. Many students who are a bit weak in their skills at writing make the IB tok easier for them.Most of the schools and institutions use the same essay topics for all their students. Since there are so many variations, most students cannot comprehend the format and ask the teachers for help. So, the only solution is to learn about the topics through research and practice, rather than memorizing the essay topics.

The Mass Incarceration Of Black Men By Michelle Alexander

1. In what sense is Alexander’s book a contribution to nonviolent social change? Through the use of literature to inspire social change, Michelle Alexander is able to bring attention to an extremely important social issue that is very prevalent throughout our country. The issue that Alexander is writing about is the mass incarceration of black males in the United States. She describes this increase of mass incarceration in depth, and relates this modern form of social control back to an old practice of the Jim Crow laws and separate but equal segregation. Prior to studying sociology and public policy, I was very uninformed and oblivious to the injustices that black people were facing in regards to drug charges. These injustices were disguised under President Reagan’s War on Drugs, but were used disproportionately to discriminate against African Americans and label them as felons, thus revoking them of any ability to receive government assistance, find adequate housing, or to be a suitable candidate for many jobs. These forms of social control, while legal, are very reminiscent of the Jim Crow laws that existed post-Reconstruction. Alexander writes, â€Å"I have a specific audience in mind—people who care deeply about racial justice but who, for any number of reasons, do not yet appreciate the magnitude of the crisis faced by communities of color†¦ I am writing this book for people like me—the person I was ten years ago† (p. xiii). By writing to an audience of readers who are notShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesif someone was able to change others perceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrantsRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]e have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it† using the criminal justice system and colorblind rhetoric. (Alexander 2). TheRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is known as a net of laws, policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and legalized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designedRead MoreMichelle Alexander Mass Incarceration1601 Words   |  7 PagesMichelle Alexander  who was born in 1968 is an associate professor of law at  Ohio State University also a civil rights  advocate and a writer. She is a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate, and legal scholar. In recent years, she has taught at a number of universities, including Stanford Law School, where she was an associate professor of law and directed the Civil Rights Clinics. Alexander published the book  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In it, she arguesRead MoreThe, Jim Crow And Mass Incarceration1056 Words   |  5 Pages Michelle Alexander writes and speaks about the 3 caste systems slavery, Jim Crow Laws, and mass incarceration. She asserts that racial separation has not gone away but rather morphed into present mass incarceration. Racial segregation has taken a new form and exists in prison systems and in socio-economic ways Caste system locks people up literally virtually. Alexander writes, â€Å"Jim Crow and mass incarceration have similar political origins. As described in chapter 1, both caste systems were bornRead More The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to theRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Imprisonment Of A Large Amount Of People1439 Words   |  6 PagesAt the simplest level, mass incarceration is defined as the imprisonment of a large amount of people. However, that does not tell the whole story. The majority of people incarcerated are minorities, and although mass incarceration began as a system of unjust racial and social control, today it continues for many political reasons including government grants, swaying voter opinion, and for-prof it prison revenue. The United States incarcerates more people, per capita, than any other nation in theRead MoreQuavyon Green . Professor Irwin . English 1113 . 2/19/2017 .987 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚   In The New Jim Crow by  Michelle Alexander is about a shocking statistic. 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Incentivise Employees and Reduce Labour Turnover free essay sample

To investigate to what extent Accenture can tailor its remuneration package to staff in order to reduce labour turnover and incentivise key employees. 1. 2 Research Objectives In order to answer this aim, the following research objectives have been set: †¢ To understanding the main theories governing reward management, including understanding how reward management can influence retention and work motivation. †¢ To understand key aspects of the reward management processes, including assessing job size and relativities, grade and pay structure, performance management, contingent pay, and employee pensions and benefits. To understand the reward management process and its affect on retention and work motivation. †¢ To assess the various remuneration packages offered within Accenture to its employees and their fit within the competitive landscape within which the company competes, as well as the resources that it can draw on internally. †¢ To analyse the extent to whic h Accenture’s remuneration packages help it to reduce labour turnover and improve employee engagement, addressing its strategic objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Incentivise Employees and Reduce Labour Turnover or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chapter Two – Literature Review The aim of this chapter is to set out the main theories governing reward management. In particular, focus is placed on the links between corporate strategy, HR strategy and reward strategy, which guide the type of remuneration package that would be most effective within a particular firm. The importance of the employment relationship is then discussed, including the damage that volition of the psychological contract can cause in terms of labour turnover and de-motivation. Finally, financial and non-financial ewards are discussed in order to separate the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators that are essential in incentivising key employees. 2. 1 Reward Management â€Å"Reward management is concerned with the formulation and implementation of strategies and policies that aim to reward people fairly, equitably and consistently in accordance with their value to the organization. It deals with the design, implementation and maintenance of reward processes and practices that are geared to t he improvement of organizational, team and individual performance† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 3) With such overarching goals, it is perhaps no surprise that reward management is strategic in nature, affecting the long-term prosperity of the firm. The concept of reward management can be seen to have developed from a number of key proponents. These include Lawler (1990, 2003), Schuster and Zingheim (1992) and Flannery et al. (1996). Lawler (1990, 2003) helped to develop the idea of strategic pay, the notion that reward policies need to be tied into the firm’s business strategy, goals, values and culture. Employees are rewarded for practicing specific behaviours that are favoured by the firm. As these become institutionalised, the firm achieves a greater fit between its business strategy and reward strategy, which enables it to more closely meet customer needs. A key element of this involves creating a virtuous spiral for both employee and employer: â€Å"It is entirely possible to design a reward system that motivates people to work and satisfies them while at the same time contributing to organizational effectiveness† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 5). Schuster and Zingheim (1992) went on to develop this concept of new pay, highlighting some of its fundamental principles. This included the idea of a total compensation program, which tied business strategy with reward strategy in order to reinforcing specific organisation behaviours. Pay was considered to be a lever that could help organisations to embrace change; in this sense, it was a positive force for change. The concept of pay became less static with the introduction of risk-based pay; the idea that pay should be variable depending on performance. At the same time, the individual was no longer the focus of pay, as team-based pay became another important mechanism for guiding organisational performance. Finally, pay became an employee relations issues; employees were no longer simply the target of pay, but became involved in devising the reward culture, the values of the organisation, its culture, and the reward systems that should be put in place accordingly. Finally, Flannery et al. (1996) were influential in developing the concept of dynamic pay although many of their nine compensation (rather than pay, per se) principles should be aligned with the organisation’s strategy, culture and values. However, they emphasised the need to tailor compensation and pay in a more focused manner. Compensation was to be linked to other changes that were planned in the organisation; it should be integrated with other people processes, as well as democratized and demystified. Its effectiveness should be measured and then the reward strategy should be refined and re-refined as appropriate. This new, strategic pay brought with it greater complexity to the practice of reward management: â€Å"It is simply no longer possible to create a set of rewards that is universally appealing to all employees or to address a series of complex business issues through a single set of solutions† (O’Neal, 1998). Nonetheless, reward management had become not so much a necessary evil, but something that an organisation could not do without, bringing with it both positive and mitigating benefits: â€Å"Pay and formal reward policies are one of the most tangible symbols of a company’s culture and employment offering and are inextricably interwoven with them. Therefore they are critical to demonstrating that the employer is delivering on its side of the employment bargain† (Brown, 2001). Therefore, in order to investigate to how Accenture can tailor its remuneration package to improve its employees motivation, as well as reduce labour turnover, it is necessary to understand the different components of reward management and the effect (positive and negative) when these components combine. The principal components of reward management include are set out in the diagram overleaf. These components will act as a framework for the literature review. Figure 1:The Components of Reward Management Source:Armstrong and Murlis (2004) 2. 2 Business / HR Strategy Firms are operating in increasingly unpredictable environments. Despite this, much of strategic management has focused on linear, unidirectional methods and models that suggested that: â€Å"Organisations are systems in which there are clear-cut connections between cause and effect†¦(which) are assumed to generate behaviour that is predictable in principle and that keeps an organisation in a state of dynamic equilibrium in which it is adapted to its environment†¦(thus making it) possible in principle to predict long-term outcomes† (Stacey, 1993: 99, 100). Authors including Peters and Waterman (1982), Porter (1980, 1985), and Burns and Stalker (1994) have all highlighted the ideal of organisation’s operating in a state of stable equilibrium, where success involves harmony, consistency, stability and regularity (Stacey, 1993). However, whilst strategy-making has moved through the one best way method, contingency approaches and those based on the principals of configuration, these have all embraced this unquestioned assumption. Part of the problem is that such wisdom places strategic fit at the centre of the organisation’s thinking ignoring the complexity that organisation’s actually face in practice. Indeed, authors such as Hamel and Prahalad (1989), Miller (1990) and Pascale (1990) have empirically questioned such thinking. Today, the realities of organisational life suggest a different picture from the conventional wisdom: â€Å"Successful organisations operate in states of bounded instability, using ositive and negative feedback to create complex new patterns of behaviour – innovations and new strategic directions†¦(and so) face reasonably predictable short-term futures but totally unknowable long-term ones†¦(which) requires us to review carefully what we mean by decision-making and control, and how we practice both† (Stacey, 1993: 246). This means that organisation’s face a whole host of change situations, which Stacey (1993) characterises as closed , contai ned and open-ended . It also has had a considerable impact on strategic decision-making, which is vital in guiding both corporate strategy and other interlinked strategies, such as HR strategy, reward strategy and so forth. The prescriptive approach to strategy, as indicative of the work of Porter’s (1980, 1985) positioning school of strategic management, suggested that the aim of strategic management was to: â€Å"establish a profitable and sustainable position against the forces the determine industry competition† (Porter, 1985: 1). Broadly, this involved firms analysing the competitive nature of their external environment using an analysis tool such as Porter’s five forces and then positioning the firm to capitalise on one of three generic strategies: low cost, differentiation or focus. However, a number of studies highlighted the limitations of such thinking; that the firm’s external environment is the determinant of firm profitability (Schmalensee, 1985; Rumelt, 1991; Hawawini et al. , 2000). Rather, research exposed the reality that the internal resources of the firm, as well as its relationships with other firms, had a significant impact on firm profitability. These became known as the resource-based view (Teece et al. , 1997) and relational-based view (Dyer and Singh, 1998) of the firm. The resource-based view suggested that competitive advantage was determined by a firm’s ability to: â€Å"accumulate resources and capabilities that are rare, valuable, non-substitutable and difficult to imitate† (Dyer and Singh, 1998: 660). This was a more inside out view that saw a firm’s core competences (Barton, 1995) and unique resources (Teece et al. , 1997) and the drivers of a firm’s strategic decision-making. In a way, the relational-based view built on the resource-based view by suggested that relationships with other firms, which helped to combine firms’ resources across organisational boundaries, would also guide strategy making. These two views of strategic management, the external Porterian view and internal view supported by Barney (1991) and others are important because they inform the choice and perspective taken towards HR strategy within the firm, which inevitably guides reward strategy. This is because strategic human resource management (SHRM) can play a very different role across firms. Hydd and Oppenheim (1990) characterise these differences along a proactive-reactive continuum. The reactive view of SHRM fits with the Porterian view of strategy and the matching model of SHRM. Here, the role that HRM plays within the firm is merely ensuring the employees fit with the firm’s generic strategy. It simply responds to strategic decisions already made, matching an organisation’s five Ps: its philosophy, policies, programs, practices and process and prevent potential: â€Å"role conflict and ambiguity that can interfere with individual performance and organisational effectiveness† (Schuler, 1989: 164). The proactive view of SHRM, on the other hand, which follows the resource-based view of SHRM, is tied to the resource-based view of the firm. Under this view, SHRM has a much more influential role in the strategy process, informing it at all levels. Here, the firm recognises the importance of its human capital and the need to devise ways that HR strategy can leverage this and convert it into intellectual capital, which is of such value to the firm. Indeed, Lei et al. (1996) emphasis how the tacit knowledge of employees: â€Å"can form the basis of competitive advantage. † In really, both the external and interview view of strategic management have their merits. Firms must be able to inform their strategic decision making according to the context of their external environment, but the long-term success of the firm depends on the firm’s ability to leverage its unique resources. As such, this dissertation adopts both perspectives. The external view will be employed in the analysis chapter later to help highlight the context of Accenture’s external environment. However, the interview view will guide the perspective this dissertation adopts towards SHRM, as well as reward strategy. On this basis, the next section highlights the essence of strategic reward. 2. 3 Strategic Reward â€Å"Strategic reward management is the process of looking ahead at what an organization needs to do about its reward policies and practices in the middle or relatively distant future. It is concern with the broader business issues the organization is facing and the general direction in which reward management must go to provide help in dealing with these issues in order to achieve longer-term business goals† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 29). Reward strategy thereby supports and helps to inform corporate and HR strategy. It is important for a number of reasons: First, an organisation must have a clear sense of its future direction or at least some idea of how you are going to get there. According to Kotter (1996), for example, a key role of leaders is to set direction and align employees. Second, the biggest expense for a firm is inevitably its employees, with pay being the most significant pay of this cost. As such, the management of pay can not only have a positive motivational force, but also a detrimental impact on performance and a firm’s cost structure is poorly designed. Third, rewards do have a positive impact on performance where used properly and help leaders in their third role of motivating employees (Kotter, 1999). Finally, it is argued by Cox and Purcell (1998) that reward strategy’s real benefit rests with the blueprint is provides in linking different human resource management policies and practices together, as well as more broadly linking these with other mutually supportive strategies across the firm. Despite the obvious benefit of strategic reward and the need to align it will corporate and HR strategy, the complexities of organisation life make this more difficult that one might anticipate. According to the early school of strategic management, the design and planning schools (and to some extent the positioning school), strategy making was quite a rational process with leaders at the apex of the organisation dictating the future direction of the firm and devising blueprints that the firm should follow to enact them. However, with the greater complexity firms faced in their competitive environment, as indicated by Stacey (1993) above, together with the introduction of a more internal view of the firm (Barney, 1991), it became more realistic to see strategy making as an inherently irrational process. Certainly, Hendry and Pettigrew (1986) question the extent to which rational HR strategies and blueprints can be drawn up if these are based on an already irrational process. Strategic fit may not only be difficult to attain, but as indicated by the changing nature of strategy, it may no longer be that desirable. As Collins and Porras (1999) suggest of great, visionary companies that have lasted the test of time, a key element of their success lies with preserving the core whilst stimulating progress. As such, it is important to maintain some fit, some resemblance of the status quo, what the firms does well, but it is equally vital to stretch the organisation strategic to set it up for a changing future. Even at the level of reward strategy itself, there are many barriers to implementing an effective strategy. Armstrong and Murlis (2004) argue that: â€Å"There is always a danger of reward strategy promising much but achieving little. The rhetoric contained in the guiding principles may not turn into reality. Espoused values may not become values-in-use the things that are meant to happen may not happen. Reward strategy can too easily be unrealistic. It may appear to offer something worthwhile but the resources (money, people and time) and capability to make it happen are not available. It may include processes such as performance management that only work if line managers want to make them work and are capable of making them work. It may be met by total opposition from the trade unions† (31). Furthermore, reward strategy plays a guiding role in balancing the transactional and relational aspects of the employment relationship through developing a total reward approach: The total reward concept emphasizes the importance of considering all aspects of reward as an integrated and coherent whole. Each of the elements of total reward, namely base pay, pay contingent on performance, competence or contribution, employee benefits and non-financial rewards, which include intrinsic rewards from the employment environment and the work itself, are linked together. A total reward approach is holistic; reliance is not placed on one or two reward mechanisms or levers operating in isolation. Account is taken of all the ways in which people can be rewarded and obtain satisfaction through their work† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 11). The employment relationship will be discussed in more detail in the section to follow, as will its transactional and relational aspects in subsequent sections, but it is worth noting as this stage that if Accenture is to appropriately tailor its remuneration package to labour turnover and incentivise key employees, it must devise a reward strategy that provides an effective balance of transactional and relational rewards that fit with the psychological contract it has with its employees. This psychological contract is the essence of the employment relationship between a firm and its employees and forms the basis of the next section. 2. 4 The Employment Relationship Contractual relationships have been studied across a range of disciplines (MacNeil, 1985). Such contractual (or exchange) relationships between parties have often been a substitute for trust (Okun, 1981) and have helped in developing organisational forms (Stinchcombe, 1990). In an employment setting, the formation of contracts that were unpinned by a psychological attachment between employers and employers became known as the psychological contract (Argyris, 1960). Whilst there has been relatively little agreement on a single definition of the term psychological contract (Conway, 1996; Roehling, 1996; Guest, 1998), the definition provided by Robinson and Rousseau (1994) is applied here. On this basis, the psychological contract depicts: â€Å"An individual’s belief regarding the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between that focal person and another party†¦ a belief that some form of a promise has been made and that the terms and conditions of the contract have been accepted by both parties† (246). The psychological contract helps to formalise the meaning, interpretations and significance of the agreed terms and conditions of an employment relationship between contracted parties. In this sense, it acts as a set of promises and unwritten expectation committing one to guide future action (Farnsworth, 1982; Schein, 1988). However, it is perhaps useful to think of its in holistic terms rather than a description of contractual terms that parties are bound by. For example, Guest (1998) highlights the difficulty that current definitions of the psychological contract pose when used for assessment: We run into difficulties as soon as we start to examined the definitions of the psychological contract†¦the first problem that emerges from a comparison of definitions is that the psychological contract may be about perceptions, expectations, beliefs, promises and obligations† (650 -1). Irrespective of the ambiguity, different definitions of the psychological contract do have some similar characteristics: First, the psychological contract is a useful concept to understand the contractual relationship between two parties (Guest, 1988; Rousseau, 1998). Second, the psychological contract is not a fixed term per se, which enables it to be used and interpreted in many different ways, allowing firms to applied it as appropriate (Rousseau, 1989, 1995). Third, the psychological contract is dynamic, helping to explain how employment relationships change over time within firms (Hiltrop, 1996). Finally, the psychological contract highlights how employment relationships develop and/or degenerate (Shore and Tetrick, 1994). The psychological contract is made up of both transactional and relational elements (Rousseau, 1990). In terms of analysing the remuneration package at Accenture, understanding the content of the psychological contract becomes vital. According to the transactional view: â€Å"The employee provides skill and effort to the employer in return for which the employer provides the employee with a salary or a wage, the traditional economist’s concept of the effort bargain† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 33). On the other hand, the relational view suggests that: â€Å"Intangible relationships are developed that take place within the work environment and are affected by the process of leadership, communications and giving employees a voice, and by how jobs are designed and expectations of behaviour and performance are agreed† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 33). A study by Herriot et al. (1997) exposed twelve categories explaining the content of employer obligations and seven for employees. The obligations expected of employers included: providing adequate induction and training (training), ensuring fairness of selection, appraisal, promotion and redundancy procedures (fairness), allowing time off to meet personal or family needs (needs), consulting and communicating with employees on matters which affect them (consult), having minimal interference with employees in terms of how they do their job (discretion), acting in a personally and social responsible way towards employees (humanity), giving recognition of or reward for special contribution or long service (recognition), provision of a safe and congenial work environment (environment), fairness and consistency in the application of rules and disciplinary procedures (justice), equitable pay with respect to market values and consistency awarded across the organization (pay), fairness and consistency in the administration of the benefit systems (benefits) and the organization trying hard to provide what job security th ey can (security). Employees, on the other hand, were expect: to work the hours contracted (hours), to do a good job in terms of quality and quantity (work), to deal honesty with clients and with the organization (honesty), staying with the organization, guarding its reputation and putting its interests first (loyalty), treating the organization’s property in a careful way (property), dressing and behaving correctly with customers and colleagues (self-presentation) and being willing to go beyond one’s own job description, especially in an emergency (flexibility). The study highlighted the need for the employer to deliver on its obligations if it was to expect the employee to do the same. It also emphasised the importance of balancing both relational and transactional obligations. Understanding the nature and content of the psychological contract is mportant for any firm wanting to get the best out of its employees, but knowing the implications of breaking that contract is also important (Morrison and Robinson, 1997). This is particularly relevant in the competitive environment that firms face, where their changing needs sometimes put pressure on the psychological contract, as Kickul (2001) explains: â€Å"Underlying all of these changes, organizations are finding that they must manage, renegotiate, and in some cases, abrogate the employment relationship that they have established with their employees† (289). Research has indicated that around 55 to 69 percent of employees stated that they felt the psychological contract between the firm and themselves had been violated (Robinson et al. , 1994; Rousseau, 1994; Conway and Briner, 1998; Conway et al. , 1999). When the psychological contract is broken it directly affects morale, trust, job satisfaction, commitment and motivation (Mowday et al. , 1979; Rousseau, 1989, Rousseau and Parks, 1993; Robinson and Rousseau, 1994; Robinson, 1996). Furthermore, Porter and Lawler (1986) state that volition of the psychological contract can lead the employee to no longer believe or rely on inducement promised by the employers. This is particularly important in terms of understanding how remuneration packages at Accenture can incentivise, because it suggests that if the company has not maintained its psychological contract with employees, incentivise will not necessary achieve the organisation’s goals. Motivation and Financial and Non-Financial Rewards Increasing motivation and raising levels of commitment and engagement are key organizational imperatives. The development of reward management policies, structures and practices will be underpinned by assumptions about how people can best be motivated to deliver high levels of performances, discretionary effort and contribution. These assumptions may not be articulated but the reward philosophies and policies of an organization can be no better than the motivational theories and beliefs upon which they are based† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 56). Managerial approaches to motivation have traversed the traditional model, human relations model towards the human resources model (Porter et al. , 2003). Whilst all schools are still in use, the human resources model (Miles, 1965) is most applicable today. Despite criticisms, it adopts the view that humans are very complex individuals, which are motivated by a wide range of different financial and non-financial rewards. Under this view, individuals want to contribute to their work, but also desire greater levels of task variety, autonomy, responsibility and personal decision-making. The role of the organisation is not so much to motivate, but not to de-motivate. As Kotter (1996) states, the role of the leader is to align the organisation such that its employees become self-motivated whilst ensuring that policies and practices do not de-motivate staff.